Political geography, geopolitics, and geostrategy are the backbone of state power and diplomacy.
I. Introduction The exercise of power and the survival of states do not occur in a vacuum; they are structured upon a dynamic physical stage that conditions the decisions of governments. Understanding state action requires analyzing the interaction between terrestrial space, borders, resources, and the correlation of global forces. This article examines the direct impact of political geography on geopolitics, establishing their differences, points of intersection, their link with geostrategy, and the imperative need for diplomats, rulers, and legislators to master these disciplines to guarantee national sovereignty and development. II. Fundamental Concepts: Political geography, geopolitics, and their joint evolution 1. Political geography It is the branch of geographic science that studies the organization of terrestrial space based on political divisions, territorial boundaries, state sovereignty, population distribution, and the internal administration of territories. Its approach is predominantly descriptive and static, analyzing “the what and the where” of political structures on the map.
